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How Researchers Estimate Bitcoin’s Energy Use
Bitcoin miners use specialized computers to compete in proof of work, the calculation that secures the network and adds blocks to its…
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Crypto foundations.
Cryptography, blockchains and cryptocurrency mechanics, with their risks and limitations.
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How to Check and Fix a Pending Bitcoin Transaction
A Bitcoin payment marked pending has not been confirmed in a block. It may be waiting because its fee rate is low…
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What is hash, hashing and hash rate? Crypto Terminology Explained
In cryptocurrency, a hash is a fixed-length result made from data. Hashing means calculating that result, and hash rate is the number…
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What is cryptography?
Cryptography uses math to protect information. It also detects changes and helps verify who created or sent it. Encryption turns readable data…
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Wallets for cryptocurrencies
A cryptocurrency wallet lets you access accounts on a blockchain and approve transactions. The blockchain records your assets. Your keys or account…
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Buying cryptocurrency and understanding the risks
Buying cryptocurrency means exchanging dollars or another asset for a digital token and deciding where to store it. The price can drop…
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Cloud mining explained
Cloud mining lets you pay a provider for cryptocurrency mining capacity while the provider owns or operates the machines. Your contract specifies…
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What weak hands means in financial markets
In financial markets, “weak hands” describes investors or traders thought unlikely to keep an investment or trade through price swings. The label…
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Blockchain Block Explorer and why it is so important
After sending cryptocurrency, use a block explorer to look up the transaction and see the blockchain records it has made searchable. You…
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Sybil Attack
In an online service or distributed network, a Sybil attack happens when one actor controls several identities that the service treats as…
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Cypherpunk
Cypherpunk was a loose community of privacy advocates, programmers, and cryptographers formed in 1992. Its members sought practical tools to help ordinary…
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What’s KYC (Know Your Customer)?
Banks, payment services, and cryptocurrency exchanges may ask you to verify your identity. KYC, short for Know Your Customer, is the set…